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Here we see three native Brook Trout on spawning substrates

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The female is at the front, closely guarded by the dominant male. A third Brook Trout, likely a sneaker male, sits at a safe distance behind.

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The female begins using her tail to fan the area. Removing silt from potential redd materials.

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As the female circles towards the back of the redd, the less dominant male inches forward.

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The dominant male becomes irritated and engages with the smaller male.

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As he moves the sneaker male from his claimed area, a third male enters the frame from a redd further upstream.

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The males will continue with this hierarchal ritual throughout the spawning process.

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©Tim Owen - Virginia DWR