Flathead Catfish

Distribution

The Flathead Catfish is native to the Tennessee, New, and Big Sandy watersheds in Virginia. Its range has expanded elsewhere throughout the state, primarily due to illegal stockings.

Identifying Characteristics

DWR Biologists process a Flathead Catfish during an electrofishing survey. Photo by ©Meghan Marchetti – DWR

•  A flat, wide head with a slightly projected lower jaw (underbite).
• Barbels present on the top and corner of the mouth, as well as the lower jaw
• Body color can be brown, olive, or yellow
• Spines are present on the dorsal and pectoral fins
• The caudal fin is minimally notched, and may appear rounded or squared

Ictaluridae Characteristics and Anatomical Terms

Illustrations by ©Makayla DeVivo – DWR

Habitat

Catfish sampling on the James River. Photo by ©Meghan Marchetti – DWR

Flathead Catfish thrive in many of the freshwater rivers and lakes throughout Virginia. Flathead Catfish seek out areas with overhead cover,  preferring to occupy water underneath trees, undercut banks, or submerged structure that allow them to ambush unsuspecting prey items. Pilings like those seen in the image above are excellent areas to find Flathead Catfish.

Diet

Flathead Catfish are ambush predators, and primarily feed at night. Juvenile Flathead Catfish primarily consume insects and crayfish, but will transition to a mostly piscivorous diet (other fish) as they mature into adults.

Reproduction

Flathead Catfish spawn between May and July, often creating nests underneath overhanging ledges, logs, or other protected sites.

Flathead Catfish eggs usually develop in about 7 days in Virginia. At this time, they remain hidden while absorbing their yolk sack. Both the male and female will defend the spawning site from unwanted visitors.

Special Considerations

In many locations where the Flathead Catfish has been introduced, it is considered an invasive species. Invasive species disrupt the established ecological dynamics of a given area, and have the potential to negatively impact populations of native species. Anglers are reminded that it is illegal to stock fish into a public body of water without an authorization from the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources.