Fact File
Scientific Name: Anaxyrus quercicus
Classification: Amphibian, Order Anura, Family Bufonidae
Conservation Status:
- Species of Greatest Conservation Need-Tier 2a on the Virginia Wildlife Action Plan
Size: Up to 1.3 inches
Identifying Characteristics
This small toad has a conspicuous light mid-dorsal stripe that may be white, cream, yellow, or orange and 4-5 pairs of spots on the back. It is black or brown in color and the skin is finely roughened with tubercles (small bumps), many of which are red.
Distribution:
In Virginia, this species only occurs in the southeastern Coastal Plain where it reaches the northern end of its range. Non-breeding habitats are associated with open pine or oak forests with sandy soils.
Did You Know?
This is the smallest species of toad in North America.
Role in the Web of Life
Oak Toads are unique in that they are primarily active during the day, although daytime and nighttime breeding events have been observed. Breeding occurs from April-September in shallow pools often following heavy rain. Up to 500 eggs are deposited with tadpoles emerging 24-36 hours after fertilization. Hibernation occurs from early December to early March. Their advertisement call sounds like the peeping of newly hatched chicks and can be loud at close range.
Conservation
Tier II Species of Greatest Conservation Need in Virginia’s Wildlife Action Plan
Last updated: January 22, 2024
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